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          02_Spring Cloud 入门
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        <h3 id="1-简述"><a href="#1-简述" class="headerlink" title="1. 简述"></a>1. 简述</h3><blockquote>
<p>官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://spring.io/">https://spring.io/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<img src="/blog/blog/posts/blog/posts/941ea014/cloud-diagram.png" class>

<p>Spring Cloud 基于 Spring Boot 提供了一套微服务解决方案，<strong>包括服务注册与发现，配置中心，全链路监控，服务网关，负载均衡，熔断器等</strong>组件，除了基于 NetFlix 的开源组件做高度抽象封装之外，还有一些选型中立的开源组件。</p>
<p>Spring Cloud 利用 Spring Boot 的开发便利性，巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，Spring Cloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具，<strong>包括配置管理，服务发现，断路器，路由，微代理，事件总线，全局锁，决策竞选，分布式会话等等</strong>，它们都可以用 Spring Boot 的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。</p>
<p>Spring Boot 并没有重复造轮子，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟，经得起实际考研的服务框架组合起来，通过 Spring Boot 风格进行再封装，屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，<strong>最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂，易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包</strong>。</p>
<p>Spring Cloud 是分布式微服务架构下的一站式解决方案，是各个微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h3 id="2-Spring-Cloud-和-Spring-Boot-关系"><a href="#2-Spring-Cloud-和-Spring-Boot-关系" class="headerlink" title="2. Spring Cloud 和 Spring Boot 关系"></a>2. Spring Cloud 和 Spring Boot 关系</h3><p>Spring Boot 专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务。</p>
<p>Spring Cloud 是关注全局的微服务协调整理治理框架，它将 Spring Boot 开发的一个个单体微服务整合并 管理起来，为各个微服务之间提供：配置管理，服务发现，断路器，路由，微代理，事件总线，全局锁，决策竞选，分布式会话等等集成服务。</p>
<p>Spring Boot 可以离开 Spring Clooud 独立使用，开发项目，但是 Spring Cloud 离不开Spring Boot，属于依赖关系。</p>
<p><strong>Spring Boot 专注于快速、方便的开发单个个体微服务，Spring Cloud 关注全局的服务治理框架。</strong></p>
<h3 id="3-Dubbo-和-Spring-Cloud-对比"><a href="#3-Dubbo-和-Spring-Cloud-对比" class="headerlink" title="3. Dubbo 和 Spring Cloud 对比"></a>3. Dubbo 和 Spring Cloud 对比</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>工具</th>
<th>Dubbo</th>
<th>Spring</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>服务注册中心</td>
<td>Zookeeper</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Netfilx Eureka</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>服务调用方式</td>
<td>RPC</td>
<td>REST API</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>服务监控</td>
<td>Dubbo-monitor</td>
<td>Spring Boot Admin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>断路器</td>
<td>不完善</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Netflix Hystrix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>服务网关</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Netflix Zuul</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>分布式配置</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>服务跟踪</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Sleuth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>消息总线</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Bus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>数据流</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Stream</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>批量任务</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>Spring Cloud Task</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr>
<p><strong>最大区别：Spring Cloud 抛弃了 Dubbo 的 RPC 通信，采用的是基于 HTTP 的 REST 方式。</strong></p>
<p> 严格来说，这两种方式各有优劣。虽然从一定程度上来说，后者牺牲了服务调用的性能，但也避免了上面提到的原生 RPC 带来的问题。而且 REST 相比 RPC 更为灵活，服务提供方和调用方的依赖只依靠一纸契约，不存在代码级别的强依赖，这在强调快速演化的微服务环境下，显得更加合适。</p>
<hr>
<p><strong>品牌机与组装机的区别</strong> </p>
<p>很明显，Spring Cloud 的功能比 Dubbo 更加强大，涵盖面更广，而且作为Spring的拳头项目，它也能够与 Spring Framework、Spring Boot、Spring Data、Spring Batch 等其他 Spring 项目完美融合，这些对于微服务而言是至关重要的。</p>
<p>使用 Dubbo 构建的微服务架构就像组装电脑，各环节我们的选择自由度很高，但是最终结果很有可能因为一条内存质量不行就点不亮了，总是让人不怎么放心，但是如果你是一名高手，那这些都不是问题。</p>
<p>而Spring Cloud 就像品牌机，在Spring Source的整合下，做了大量的兼容性测试，保证了机器拥有更高的稳定性，但是如果要在使用非原装组件外的东西，就需要对其基础有足够的了解。</p>
<hr>
<p><strong>社区支持与更新力度</strong></p>
<p>最为重要的是，Dubbo 停止了5年左右的更新，虽然 2017.7 重启了。对于技术发展的新需求，需要由开发者自行拓展升级（比如当当网弄出了 DubboX），这对于很多想要采用微服务架构的中小软件组织， 显然是不太合适的，中小公司没有这么强大的技术能力去修改Dubbo源码 + 周边的一整套解决方案，并 不是每一个公司都有阿里的大牛 + 真实的线上生产环境测试过。</p>
<hr>
<p><strong>总结</strong></p>
<p>Dubbo 的定位是一款 RPC 框架，Spring Cloud 的目标是微服务架构下的一站式解决方案</p>
<h3 id="3-Spring-Cloud-下载"><a href="#3-Spring-Cloud-下载" class="headerlink" title="3. Spring Cloud 下载"></a>3. Spring Cloud 下载</h3><blockquote>
<p>官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn">https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Spring Cloud 是一个由众多独立子项目组成的大型综合项目，每个子项目有不同的发行节奏，都维护着自己的发布版本号。Spring Cloud 通过一个资源清单 BOM（Bill of Materials）来管理每个版本的子项目清单。为避免与子项目的发布号混淆，所以没有采用版本号的方式，而是通过命名的方式。</p>
<p>这些版本名称的命名方式采用了伦敦地铁站的名称，同时根据字母表的顺序来对应版本时间顺序，比如，最早的 Release 版本：Angel，第二个 Release 版本：Brixton，然后是 Camden、Dalston、 Edgware，Finchley，目前最新的是 Hoxton 版本。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>参考：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html">https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html</a></li>
<li>中文API文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html">https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html</a></li>
<li>Spring Cloud 中国社区：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://springcloud.cn/">http://springcloud.cn/</a></li>
<li>Spring Cloud 中文网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://springcloud.cc/">https://springcloud.cc</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

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